Steel Buildings in Europe

Part 3: Actions 3 - 5 Permanent actions Leading variable action Accompanying variable actions E d =   1 k, j G, j j G  + Q,1 k,1 Q  +   1 k,i 0,i Q,i i Q   (6.10) E d =   1 k, j G, j j G  + k,1 Q,1 0,1 Q   +   1 k,i 0,i Q,i i Q   (6.10a) E d =   1 k, j G, j j G   + Q,1 k,1 Q  +   1 k,i 0,i Q,i i Q   (6.10b) G k and Q k are found in EN 1991 or its National Annex.  G and  Q are found in Table A1.2(A) for static equilibrium (EQU); Tables A1.2(B) and A1.2(C) for rupture (STR and/or GEO) of EN 1990 or in the National Annex. Table 3.1 gives the recommended values of the partial factors. Table 3.1 Recommended values of partial factors Table (EN 1990) Limit state  Gj,inf  Gj,sup  Q,1 =  Q,I  Q,1 =  Q,I A1.2(A) EQU 0,90 1,10 1,50 1,50 A1.2(B) STR/GEO 1,00 1,35 1,50 1,50 A1.2(C) STR/GEO 1,00 1,00 1,30 1,30  0 factors are found in EN 1990 Table A1.1 or in its National Annex. This factor varies between 0,5 and 1 except for roofs of category H (  0 = 0). ξ is a reduction factor for permanent loads. According to EN 1990 Table A1.2(B), the recommended value for buildings is ξ = 0,85. The National Annex may specify a different value. For example, according to expression 6.10: 1. With snow as the leading variable action: E d = 1,35 G + 1,5 S + (1,5  0,6) W = 1,35 G + 1,5 S + 0,9 W 2. With wind as the leading variable action: E d = 1,35 G + 1,5 W + (1,5  0,5) S = 1,35 G + 1,5 W + 0,75 S 3.2.4 Combinations of actions for accidental design situations Combinations of actions for accidental design situations should either involve an explicit accidental action or refer to a situation after an accident event. Permanent actions Accidental action Leading variable action Accompanying variable actions E d =   1 k, j j G + A d + ( 1,1  or 2,1  ) k,1 Q +   1 k,i 0,i Q,i i Q  