Steel Buildings in Europe

Part 3: Actions 3 - 14 i=1 x h H S,2,j,T y H S,2,j,L H S,1,j,L H S,1,j,T a ext e j i=2 j   1 l  2 l 1 1 x 2 3 i = 1 H S,1,1,T 6 i = 2 j = 1 j = 2 H S,1,2,T H S,2,1,T H S,2,2,T H S,1,2,L H S,2,2,L 4 5  S 1 Guidance system 2 Direction of motion 3 Instantaneous centre of rotation  is the skew angle i = Rails j = Pairs of wheels Figure 6.3 Forces resulting from skewing 6.2.4 Other loads or forces To give an overall picture of the loads induced by cranes, it is necessary to mention: 1. The wind actions on the structure of the crane and on the payload The wind is generally considered at a speed of 20 m/s if considered together with the payload (external use). 2. Test loads - Dynamic test load: at least 110% of the nominal hoist load, amplified by a dynamic factor  6 (see EN 1991-3 §2.10 (4)). - Static test load: at least 125% of the nominal hoist load without dynamic factor. 3. Accidental forces - Tilting force: when the load or lifting attachments collides with an obstacle. - And if relevant: Mechanical failure (failure of a single brake, wheel axle failure, etc.).