Steel Buildings in Europe

Part 3: Actions 3 - v Contents Page No FOREWORD iii SUMMARY vi 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 SAFETY PHILOSOPHY ACCORDING TO EN 1990 2 2.1 General format of the verifications 2 2.2 Ultimate limit states and serviceability limit states 2 2.3 Characteristic values and design values of actions 3 3 COMBINATIONS OF ACTIONS 4 3.1 General 4 3.2 ULS combinations 4 3.3 SLS combinations 6 4 PERMANENT ACTIONS 8 5 CONSTRUCTION LOADS 9 6 IMPOSED LOADS 10 6.1 General 10 6.2 Actions induced by cranes according to EN 1991-3 10 6.3 Horizontal loads on parapets 15 7 SNOW LOADS 16 7.1 General 16 7.2 Methodology 16 8 WIND ACTIONS 22 8.1 General 22 8.2 Methodology 22 8.3 Flowcharts 31 9 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE 32 REFERENCES 33 Appendix A Worked Example: Snow load applied on a single-storey building 35 Appendix B Worked Example: Wind action on a single-storey building 45